What is Ethical Hacking?

Ethical hacking is the practice of intentionally probing computer systems, networks, or applications for vulnerabilities with the owner’s permission. The primary goal is to identify security weaknesses and fix them before they can be exploited by malicious hackers. Ethical hackers, also known as «white-hat hackers,» follow strict rules and ethical guidelines. Their work plays a vital role in preventing cybercrimes, protecting sensitive data, and maintaining trust in digital systems.

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Fields of Ethical Hacking
Ethical hacking spans several specialized fields, each targeting different aspects of cybersecurity:
Network Security:Focuses on identifying and mitigating vulnerabilities in networks, firewalls, and routers.Tools: Wireshark, Nmap, and Nessus.
Web Application Security:Involves testing web applications for issues like SQL injection, cross-site scripting (XSS), and insecure authentication.Tools: Burp Suite, OWASP ZAP, and Acunetix.
Wireless Network Security:Targets wireless networks to identify weaknesses in Wi-Fi protocols and configurations.Tools: Aircrack-ng, Kismet.
Mobile Application Security:Examines vulnerabilities in Android and iOS applications.Tools: Drozer, MobSF.
Social Engineering:Involves exploiting human psychology to gain unauthorized access, such as through phishing or pretexting.
Cloud Security:Tests cloud environments like AWS, Azure, or Google Cloud for misconfigurations and data breaches.
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Types of Hackers
Hackers are categorized based on their intent and adherence to ethical guidelines:

1. White-Hat Hackers (Ethical Hackers)
Intent: Improve security and prevent cyber threats.
Authorization: Operate with permission from system owners.
Activities:Conduct vulnerability assessments.Perform penetration testing.Collaborate with organizations to enhance cybersecurity.

2. Black-Hat Hackers (Malicious Hackers)
Intent: Exploit vulnerabilities for personal, financial, or malicious gain.
Authorization: Operate without permission, violating laws and ethical standards.
Activities:Deploy malware, ransomware, and spyware.Steal sensitive data or disrupt systems.

3. Grey-Hat Hackers
Intent: A mix of ethical and unethical behavior.
Authorization: Often act without permission but without malicious intent.
Activities:Identify vulnerabilities and inform system owners, sometimes seeking a reward.May cross ethical boundaries in the process.

4. Script Kiddies
Intent: Usually lack expertise and seek to create disruptions for fun or attention.
Authorization: Operate without permission.
Activities:Use pre-written scripts or tools to launch basic attacks.Rarely have a deep understanding of hacking techniques.

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